Abstract: 【Abstract】Myopia progressively damages ocular fundus morphology and visual function. Its mechanisms is a research hotspot in Ophthalmology. The establishment of an animal model for the study of myopia provides a good  experimental platform, which is not limited by ethical and experimental means. Various animal models, have been developed such as  domestic chickens, mice,  tree shrew,  guinea pigs, rabbits or marmosets. The effect of  hyperopic and myopic defocus to animal eyes, the twoways regulation effect on  visual development, the  influence of circadian rhythm, the different spectral eye axis growth and the axial growth related cytokines are currently investigated.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 129-134)